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Hepatitis A--Deadly in Hepatitis C Sufferers
Boston (Reuters)
In
the alphabet soup of hepatitis infections, researchers have found
that adding hepatitis A to hepatitis C can be a deadly mix.
People living with the hepatitis C face a dramatically higher risk
of dying if they eat food infected with the related virus
hepatitis A, according to a study published in Thursday's New
England Journal of Medicine.
As a result, everyone with a chronic hepatitis C infection should
be vaccinated for the hepatitis A bug, say the team of Italian
doctors behind the new research.
Hepatitis A, which causes jaundice, fatigue, nausea and abdominal
pain, is found in food and water contaminated by fecal material.
Although up to 200,000 Americans are infected each year, only
about 100 die.
But the team, led by Dr. Sandro Vento of the University of Verona,
found that the death rate jumps dramatically among people who have
already been infected with hepatitis C.
*The Vento group found that out of the 17 people they studied who
were already suffering from hepatitis C, six who subsequently
contracted the hepatitis A died from sudden liver failure.*
An estimated 35,000 to 180,000 people in the United States develop
hepatitis C each year. The infection becomes persistent in about
85 percent of its victims. Between 8,000 and 10,000 die from it
annually.
The Vento team also looked at what happens when hepatitis A
infects people already suffering from another form of blood-born
hepatitis:
Hepatitis B. None of the 10 chronic hepatitis B sufferers were
killed by their bout with hepatitis A.
Copyright 1998: REUTERS NEWS SERVICE
Contributed by Susan Dowling, Medical Writer

Tuberculosis
After
almost forty years of decline, TB is again on the upswing.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) nearly 2 billion
people or one third of the world’s population is currently
infected with the TB bacillus. Someone in the world is newly
infected with TB every second.
Tuberculosis is an increasing and major worldwide problem,
especially now that many immune weakening diseases and
circumstances facilitate the spread of active TB. HIV/AIDS,
hepatitis, diabetes, old age, homelessness, malnutrition, heavy
smoking, drug, and alcohol abuse (to name but a few factors)
weaken the immune system, placing people at higher risk to get
active TB. Globally, there are an estimated 8 million cases and 2
million deaths from tuberculosis every year. TB kills more adults
in the world every year than any other single infectious cause of
death.
It
is estimated that nearly 1 billion people will become infected
with tuberculosis, 200 million will become sick, and 70 million
will die worldwide between now and 2020. These figures do not
take into consideration that the drugs used to fight TB are
harmful to the liver, which affects millions of people who are
co-infected with hepatitis C. Furthermore, these figures do not
reflect the onset of MDR TB (multi-drug resistant tuberculosis).
MDR TB is a very dangerous form of tuberculosis. Some TB germs
become resistant to the effects of the drugs used to fight TB. TB
will be increasingly common and will intensify with the
progression of other diseases.

The Importance of Proper Hand Washing
Disease Prevention
Dirty hands kill people. Periodic outbreaks of hepatitis A have
been attributed to food contamination spread by inadequate hand
washing.
After a transplant, bacteria and viruses are of great concern,
because the medication to prevent rejection will increase the risk
for infection. Therefore, it is important to prevent and treat
any type of infection such as a cold, flu, sore throat, or open
cut.
(Microsan
Antimicrobial Lotion contains
1% PCMX and 2% Nonoxynol-9. Microsan destroys 99.999% of
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The CDC reports that hand washing is one of the most important
means of preventing the spread of disease.
There are many diseases that are transmitted from person to person
through hands. Infectious diseases remain the leading cause of
death and disease worldwide as well as the third leading cause of
death in the United States. Proper hand washing can stop the
spread of 99% of the germs that travel via droplets.
One 1996 study of school children found that in schools where
children scrubbed up thoroughly four times a day the absenteeism
from colds and flu dropped nearly 70%.
Caught Dirty-Handed
When was the last time you washed your hands? Did you wash
properly? What have you done since you washed? Have you sneezed,
put your fingers in your mouth, touched something contaminated, or
someone else?
Observations in public restrooms have revealed that only about 68
percent of Americans wash up before leaving. Yet, proper hand
washing is one of the best ways to prevent the spread of
infections.
People who use public restrooms are especially susceptible to
picking up germs and viruses, but anyone who picks up reading
material at the library, shares a keyboard, a telephone, or
touches the handle of a grocery cart, a pen at a checkout counter,
a doorknob, a stair railing, or other contaminated objects are
susceptible to contract illness.
Think about all the things you touch each day and how many people
may have touched them before you.
When we touch contaminated objects and forget or neglect to wash
our hands (or don't wash them properly), we can spread these germs
to other people, objects, or give them to ourselves by touching
our eyes, mouths, noses, cuts on our bodies, or the food we eat.
Avoid Illness and/or Death
Here is one way to use a public restroom that will help keep you
safe.
First, make sure that you have a paper towel before you use the
toilet so you do not have to touch the toilet stall lock, toilet
or urinal flush lever. Never sit on a toilet seat unprotected.
If there is not a toilet seat cover use toilet paper to line the
toilet seat.
After you flush the toilet and exit the stall toss the paper towel
in the trash. Next make available a new paper towel to turn the
faucet off and on (you might need to turn the crank on a roller
dispenser even before you turn the water on to make the paper
towel available).
Wet your hand thoroughly with warm water. IMPORTANT: DO NOT TOUCH
THE FAUCET, HANDLES, OR THE SINK WHILE YOUR HANDS ARE WET!
Let the water run if it doesn't shut off automatically.
Work up a good lather with lots of soap. Experts say that a 15
second scrub is usually sufficient, but health care workers are
trained to keep that lather working for 30 seconds.
Another guideline is to rub each area ten times: ten circles
around each wrist, ten rubs on the back of your palms, ten rubs
with fingers interlaced. Use your nails to scrub the palms of the
other hand ten times; this gets lather under the nail tip, too,
which is a favorite hiding spot for germs. Open your palms out as
flat as you can, and work the lather into all those lines and
crevices.
Pay special attention to the surface along the thumb/forefinger
line. This, along with our palms, is the surface we use most often
to pick things up and to shake hands.
When you are finished scrubbing, rinse thoroughly, letting the
water run off your fingertips. Now grab a paper towel and dry
thoroughly, all the while letting the water run. When your hands
are dry, use a clean, dry paper towel to turn off the water. Use
another paper towel to handle the doorknob to leave the room,
don't toss it until the door is open, use your foot if necessary
to hold the door open, toss the towel in the trash, or on the
floor, if the trash receptacle is unreachable. Remember, dry
paper towels are better germ barriers than wet ones.
If
the restroom has a hot air dryer, use a tissue, a page from a
magazine, or even your clothing to turn off the faucet and open
the exit door.
We
need to create a culture where proper hand-washing awareness is
paramount. If people would just wash their hands, we would have
an impact on some of the most common illnesses, as well as some of
the most serious health problems we face.
Wash Your
Hands Whenever You Can and:
Before you
-
Prepare or eat food
-
Go
to the bathroom
-
Treat a cut or wound
-
Tend to someone who's sick
-
Put
in or take out contact lenses
-
Do
any kind of activity that involves putting your fingers in or
near your mouth, eyes, etc.
After you
-
Go
to the bathroom
-
Handle uncooked foods, especially raw meat
-
Eat
-
Blow your nose, cough or sneeze
-
Handle garbage
-
Tend to someone who's sick
-
Change a diaper
-
Touch a pet, especially reptiles and exotic animals
-
Use
a public telephone
Microsan Antimicrobial Lotion
Contains 1% PCMX and 2% Nonoxynol-9.
Microsan destroys 99.999% of susceptible microorganisms on the
skin in 30 seconds or less. It provides residual antimicrobial
action that retards microbial regrowth for 4- 6 hours.
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